Design & Engineering
Due to the complexity and the high number of possible combinations, a complete design check of different load cases at joints have rarely been provided.
![The challenge for joints in industrial floors](/sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w28/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=TYXEA7We 28w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w34/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=R3OReY-x 34w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w40/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=CtFvUzoD 40w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w48/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=uHLa4_Ga 48w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w56/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=BqxICMbv 56w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w57/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=r5LdtGbN 57w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w68/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=xoTx256Z 68w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w80/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=WLM-I0HW 80w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w81/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=pt8QH-Dw 81w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w96/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=aDuEkxuF 96w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w113/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=p42SYNdY 113w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w114/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=nAvxvkBX 114w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w134/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=jRMxZAoD 134w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w136/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=S7BfkT6q 136w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w158/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=zzTgNftr 158w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w162/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=9A-x0zGM 162w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w187/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=1EjDYFYF 187w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w192/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=XguOfEZC 192w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w220/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=Nn9rx1I_ 220w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w226/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=MdekjH0B 226w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w259/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=0RnXsevo 259w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w268/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=2rIUFl-D 268w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w305/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=_xo3au6_ 305w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w316/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=jlDSuL-q 316w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w359/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=rlsLHana 359w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w374/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=t1RyIxZd 374w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w423/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=fA9Kz4Ta 423w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w440/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=6vErDZX_ 440w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w498/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=FG523WVi 498w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w518/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=XQdKGjqC 518w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w586/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=oxyRPmi1 586w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w610/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=xnheXT-I 610w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w690/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=N3kUC7Kn 690w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w718/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=heBQmwr6 718w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w846/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=lOOluWJ0 846w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w996/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=BPik90hL 996w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w1172/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=h_kIiTDi 1172w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_ct_basic_page_header_novs_w1380/public/2023-10/hp-header.jpg?h=749af99d&itok=l1bkmUxF 1380w)
Problem & facts
Due to the complexity and the high number of possible combinations, a complete design check of different load cases at joints have rarely been provided. Manufacturers of joint profiles have dealt only with the capacity/resistance of their products, without considering the ultimate limit design in-situ. The interaction of subgrade-reaction, concrete and loading combinations has not been taken into account.
![04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg](/sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w27/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=VldqbauD 27w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w32/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=yhPpT4Ch 32w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w38/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=HzNYGq8f 38w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w45/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=q8rr_DNh 45w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w54/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=XnpFX2gO 54w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w64/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=xWNVHlSu 64w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w76/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=ubvX-IXa 76w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w90/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=AvGHUiX9 90w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w107/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=kglRSiF1 107w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w108/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=7Oe7Z3pg 108w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w127/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=5SAi5nmt 127w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w128/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=ESdMaNju 128w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w150/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=zOycittT 150w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w152/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=L0GRtz2t 152w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w177/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=EqxzPsAl 177w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w180/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=nLGt3Wr_ 180w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w209/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=sblLM8BF 209w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w214/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=tbWjZo6v 214w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w247/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=g5P1uEy_ 247w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w254/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=nmKb8Zt7 254w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w291/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=1G2vIDe4 291w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w300/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=DRvjuB87 300w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w343/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=0cMGCYA9 343w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w354/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=qMtY80Kx 354w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w404/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=E-_rsX1c 404w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w418/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=lftO3N3Y 418w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w476/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=Lcz1bdBy 476w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w494/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=Gwq-RCEd 494w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w560/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=s9apl1Ti 560w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w582/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=-0O16Fs- 582w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w686/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=KR-xCtCa 686w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w808/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=kWj8i18j 808w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w952/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=CBRMB2uE 952w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_crop_novs_w1120/public/2023-12/04-Draufsicht-Profil.jpg?h=259afb0b&itok=6n8xKlwi 1120w)
Traditional load transfer calculations have been based on the bending and shear of steel bars or plates connecting adjacent concrete panels. The results inevitably show that the joint has a lower load capacity (often less than 50%) compared to the interior load capacity of the concrete slab.
The concrete industrial floor itself is always based on a load transfer at armoured joints (usually around 40% when using load transfer systems), whereby the actual design values for the load cases “edge” of the concrete floor slab are significantly reduced. However, this applied percentage is an assumption and up to now, this assumption was mostly neither checked nor confirmed.
![05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg](/sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w27/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=WW8q_Jsp 27w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w32/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=QfG67nN1 32w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w38/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=oqUOVeJk 38w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w45/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=BNHot4od 45w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w54/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=zXzvdDft 54w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w64/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=V-GKDlcL 64w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w76/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=z0es_9cj 76w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w90/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=wvKOn0Gb 90w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w107/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=s7Vw0GSP 107w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w108/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=NXpWUdCb 108w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w127/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=nLHXcI_f 127w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w128/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=y6wxXfdM 128w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w150/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=VS1dxFuB 150w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w152/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=qsdA1O9p 152w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w177/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=UrZQorhk 177w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w180/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=5HlTbPYQ 180w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w209/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=Spkjap4f 209w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w214/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=PTH2yyVT 214w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w247/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=0SmTC2nC 247w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w254/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=fO72xRM7 254w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w291/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=X9eQ5_rd 291w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w300/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=zFmboRbh 300w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w343/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=LrJu1KB7 343w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w354/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=YUJgsmko 354w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w404/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=PAFPzZ6B 404w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w418/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=rWt1su3h 418w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w476/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=cDB333Jh 476w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w494/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=E5feJxEy 494w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w560/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=95CvWj9P 560w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w582/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=yHlv3kQg 582w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w686/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=c32dv8eb 686w, /sites/default/files/styles/snov_paragraph_text_image_scale_novs_w808/public/2023-12/05-Seitenansicht-Profil.jpg?itok=_XseqjaS 790w)
Solution & design
N.V. Hengelhoef Concrete Joints is now able to measure the exact load transfer of the Cosinus Slide® joint and provide a complete calculation at ultimate limit state for all relevant loads and combinations. This calculation does not replace the design of the industrial floor slab itself but completes the part required for joint profiles, providing an accurate assessment of load transfer at the construction joint used in the floor design.
The calculation is primarily based on the theory published in Concrete Society Technical Report 34 (4th edition), and has been independently tested and confirmed using finite element method (FEM).
The material capacities were determined in a nonlinear simulation and with laboratory experiments, and statistically analyzed in accordance with EN 1990 Euro code (EC 0). This has provided ultimate capacity values that can be adapted to the required design level in accordance to the various norms and guidelines of different countries by using appropriate safety factors.
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Practice & outcome
Cosinus Slide® joint will permit a recommended joint opening of 15 mm, while still ensuring shock and vibration-free passage of trucks or forklifts (see certificates of conformity 020238-14-2 to 4). Due to the shape/geometry of the profile, there is virtually no impact witnessed on the concrete edge when trafficked by pneumatic and hard plastic wheels. As the concrete “fingers” rest directly on each other, fatigue effects and failures at the transition between joint “fingers” and full-depth concrete floor are very unlikely. The Cosinus Slide® joint profile is therefore compliant with the European directive 2002/44/EC concerning exposure of workers to whole body vibrations. Furthermore the possibility of free movement of the Cosinus Slide® joint in horizontal directions and the low friction between slab and ground reduces restraint stresses to a minimum. Due to the above-described facts, the serviceability of the Cosinus Slide® joint is proven and maintenance costs for the floor slab, the joint and the forklift wheels are significantly reduced.
However, as with all joint load transfer systems, to obtain all the benefits outlined above, it is crucial to install Cosinus Slide® joint in a professional manner, following the guidance procedures provided.